Evaluation of immune effect of diphtheria toxoid vaccine with chitosan as adjuvant on mice / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the immune effect of the diphtheria toxoid(DT)vaccine using chitosan as adjuvant on mice,so as to provide an experimental basis for the preparation of novel adjuvant vaccines of DT.Methods A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into mucosal immunization group and humoral immunization group,and each group was randomly divided into 6 groups:negative control group(PBS),positive control group(DT),aluminum adjuvant group,chitosan adjuvant group(final solution with 0.5% chitosan),aluminum adjuvant vaccine group and chitosan adjuvant vaccine group,with 5 mice in each group. Mucosal immunization group and humoral immunization group were inoculated with 500 μL PBS buffer,10 μg DT,500 μg aluminum adjuvant and 500 μL chitosan adjuvant per mouse by nasal drip and intraperitoneal injection respectively. The mice were observed for the status,collected for the eyeball serum before inoculation(0 d)and 7,21,35 d after inoculation,and collected for the nasal lotion simultaneously. The levels of IgG antibody in serum and sIgA antibody in nasal lotion were detected by ELISA.Results After intraperitoneal injection and nasal drip of chitosan adjuvant vaccine,the mental and behavioral state of mice was normal. Chitosan adjuvant vaccine effectively induced the IgG antibody against diphtheria in mice with not significant difference,compared with the classic aluminum adjuvant vaccine group(F = 127.926 > F_(0.05(1,8)),P > 0.05);It also induced the production of sIgA in mice,which was significantly higher than that in the classical aluminum adjuvant vaccine group 21 d after immunization(F =127.926 > F_(0.05(1,8)),P < 0.05).Conclusion Chitosan adjuvant DT vaccine can effectively stimulate the mucosal immunity and humoral immunity in mice with good safety,and has the potential to be an alternative to aluminum adjuvant for vaccine preparation,which can be considered as nasal drop vaccines.

Opinion on the Safety of BioProtein® by the Scientific Panel on Animal Feed of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

BioProtein® (BP) is a trademark for single cell (bacteria) protein, based on conversion of methane, with the addition of ammonia and oxygen, to a protein source. BP is produced by Norferm AS in Norway, and has been authorized by the EU as a protein source in animal feeds since 1995, for fattening pigs (8%), calves (8%) and salmon (19-33%). Significant immune effects were revealed in a toxicity study performed in rats fed a nucleic acid reduced BP product (NABP) and thereafter, similar, but less severe effects were also found after feeding with untreated BP. Additional studies confirmed increased mesenteric lymph node weights in cats and foxes. Due to the undesirable effects and also due to applications for extended use, BP has been assessed by the Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition (SCAN) and EU’s Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) in 1995, by SCAN in 2001 and 2003 and by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2005. The EU memberstates United Kingdom, France and Finland have also conducted assessments. The EU approval from 1995 remains unchanged. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) to assess the risk of using BP as a protein source in feedingstuffs, both for the animal categories already authorized and for extended use to pet animals, chickens and pigs from weaning to slaughter. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety was asked to consider all existing documentation. Based on all documentation enclosed with the request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and published scientific articels, an opinion on the safety of BP assessed by the VKM panel on Animal Feed was published on 20 March 2006 (05/608-final-rev1). The Producer made a complaint regarding this opinion and claimed that not all documents on BP had been evaluated. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority then requested VKM to revise its opinion on the risk of using BP as a protein source in feedingstuffs, based on 17 documents previously not available to VKM, in addition to the 20 documents included in the opinion published on 20 March 2006. BP is composed of a protein with a somewhat different amino acid compostion compared with fish meal, but BP and fish meal have more similarities in amino acid content than soybean meal. BP has relatively high level of nucleic acids, phospholipids, lipopolysaccarides and minerals. Effect studies with BP have been conducted in rats/mice, pigs, chicken, cats, foxes, and salmon. Most of the concern regarding the side effects of BP in feed is related to the immune response. The main findings include changes in weight and morphology of mesenteric lymph nodes, followed by induction of specific antibodies. Histopathological examination after feeding with NABP also revealed changes in the intestines and several internal organs indicating systemic effects. The Producer claims that the immune response seen in BP-fed mice/rats is most likely a normal response to ingestion of large doses of a foreign antigen, and further, that oral tolerance towards this protein is induced over time. However, these interpretations are not adequately supported by the supplied documentation. A tendency towards adaption might be indicated in some of the studies, other results argue against tolerance induction. It is unclear whether the content of phospholipids, lipopolysaccarides, nucleic acids or the protein structure, or the combination of these compounds is responsible for the immunological changes observed. However, the particulate structure of BP has been shown to influence the observed immune response as the systemic immune response was avoided by ingestion of BP free of whole cells. The studies conducted in target species have not included adequate examinations of the immune effects from ingestion of BP. Concerning terrestrial species, no histopathological effects were revealed in the pig, chicken, cat or fox studies. However, increased mesenteric lymph nodes were reported in cats and foxes fed BP. In the remaining studies the main focus has been on production parameters; weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, metabolism of nutrients, observation of clinical health, and product quality. When the contents of amino acids were balanced, the inclusion of low levels of BP (9%) tended to stimulate growth in pigs and the same tendency was found in chicken with 6% BP. Higher feed levels of BP tended to cause a reduction in growth. In salmon, a dose dependent improvement of growth was reported in a short term experiment (8 weeks). However, in longer term experiments with salmon, depressed growth and increased liver weight were observed in freshwater at 19% BP with no-effect-level at 10%. In seawater studies, a tendency of reduced growth was found in salmon fed with 20% BP in the diet, and BP levels of 27% and higher levels resulted in significantly reduced body weight. Furthermore, levels of 27% BP and above in fish feed reduced specific immune responses, but increased lymphocyte response, and also tended to improve the survival after bacterial and viral infections. At 37% BP in the diet histopathological changes in the distal intestine, and reduced storage of glycogen and increased lipid deposition and liver weight were observed. No negative effects were seen in salmon in seawater at a feed level of 13.5% BP. The results indicate negative effects in salmon at BP levels in fish feed considerably lower than those currently approved (19 and 33%, in feed for salmon in fresh and sea water, respectively). To conclude, in terrestrial target species documented effects of BP include reduced weight gain and increased weight of mesenteric lymph nodes. In the more thoroughly studied species the rat, findings incluse histopathologic effects in mesenteric lymph nodes, changed humoral immune responses, increased weight of other lymphoid tissue (spleen), increased level of neutrophile granulocytes, and slight leakage of hepatic and renal tubuli enzymes. In terrestrial target species, 6% BP in the feed is considered to be the highest inclusion level not to cause such effects. The results from the rat studies show a similar no-effect-level. In salmon, reduced weight gain, liver storage effects, changed humoral and celluar immune responses and histopathological effects in the intestine are documented. A 10% level of BP in fish feed is the highest level tested without causing such effects. There are relatively few valid studies for the risk assessment of BP in target species, and the designs of the assessed studies are very variable. Thus, there are qualitative and quantitative uncertainties concerning the effects of BP in target species. The Panel on Animal Feed is of the opinion that an inclusion level of BP of 6% in the diets to terrestrial target animals and a 10% maximum inclusion level in salmon feed (both for fresh- and seawater stages) would reduce the risk of potentially adverse effects in the animals. The risk associated with the human consumption of products from animals fed on BP is considered negligible. However, the production of single cell protein for feed production represents a relatively new scientific approach which implies precautionary handling.

Serological evaluation of immune effect of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adult population in Deqing County， Huzhou City， Zhejiang Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in adults and above after initial vaccination with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine， and determine the influencing factors. MethodsIn this study， residents aged 18 and above who had completed two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in Deqing County， Huzhou City， Zhejiang Province were included. Information such as gender， age， type of vaccine and vaccination time were collected， and serum specimens were sampled. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain （RBD） antibody was quantitatively examined by enzyma-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and influencing factors were determined. ResultsThe median concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the residents vaccinated with an inactivated booster vaccine was higher than that in those vaccinated with only two doses of COVID-19 vaccine or single dose （P<0.05）. The median concentration of IgG antibody in males was 9.73 （4.01‒23.70） RU‧mL-1， lower than 17.76 （7.07‒49.23） RU‧mL-1 in females （P<0.05）. The median concentration in the residents vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV （Sinopharm） was 6.53 （0.97‒13.69） RU‧mL-1， which was lower than that in those vaccinated with CoronaVac （Sinovac） that was 17.29 （8.54‒43.73） RU‧mL-1 （P<0.05）. The median concentration in those with BBIBP-CorV was also lower than 12 （5.45‒40.06） RU‧mL-1 in those with heterologous booster vaccine （P<0.05）. The median concentration was 9.73 （3.83‒23.63） RU‧mL-1 in the residents with an interval of more than 6 months from the second dose， which was lower than 14.66 （6.36‒35.98） RU‧mL-1 in those with an interval of 3‒6 months （P<0.05）. Moreover， immune effect was better in females （χ²=16.464， P<0.05）， 18‒45 years（χ²=7.158， P<0.05）， and those vaccinated with CornaVac （χ²=49.637， P<0.05）， while decreased in those with an interval of more than 6 months from the second dose （χ²=8.447， P<0.05）. ConclusionGender， age， and type of vaccine may affect the effect of immunization. The COVID-19 vaccination shows an acceptable immunogenicity in adults； however， it declines in 6 months after vaccination. It warrants strengthening the booster vaccination to maintain the immune response.

Immune effects of Clostridium difficile toxoid B vaccine formulated with different mucosal adjuvants through microneedle immunization / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the immune effects of Clostridium difficile toxoid B (CdtB) vaccine formulated with different mucosal adjuvants through microneedle immunization, and to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Methods:CdtB vaccine was prepared with purified Clostridium difficile toxin B(TcdB) after formaldehyde detoxification. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with different doses of vaccine alone or in combination with mucosal adjuvants. The titers of specific serum IgG and fecal IgA were detected at 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 42 d after immunization. The protective effects of CdtB vaccine were evaluated by cell neutralization assay and Clostridium difficile challenge infection. Results:(1) With the increase of immune dose, the mice immunized with CdtB vaccine alone by microneedle not only produced better serum specific IgG, but also had higher level of IgA in feces. (2) When the mice were immunized with CdtB vaccine containing LT or CTB adjuvant by microneedle, the trend of serum specific IgG titer in each group increased with the increase of immune dose, especially in the group containing LT adjuvant. There were significant differences in the trend of specific IgA titer in feces between the adjuvant groups and the group without adjuvant, but the adjuvant effect was not obvious. (3) No significant difference in serum IgG titer was observed between the mice immunized with 10 μg CdtB by microneedle or intraperitoneal injection, but microneedle immunization significantly increased fecal IgA level. (4) The neutralization titers of specific antibodies in mouse serum after immunization and the test results of challenge protection in mice confirmed that the use of CdtB vaccine had certain protective effects.Conclusions:CdtB vaccine had better immune effects in mice through microneedle immunization, but the adjuvant effects of LT and CTB were not significant.

Research progress on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway has been found capable of affecting anti-tumor immune effect in many malignancies in recent years. Patients who are diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have considerable responses after receving inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1. This paper reviews the clinical progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.

Efficacy enhancement of a Baculovirus-vectored Newcastle Disease Virus F protein vaccine by chicken GM-CSF and IL-2 / 生物工程学报

To compare with the effects of the GM-CSF and IL-2 used as adjuvants in the baculovirus vaccine, we used genetic engineering to construct the recombinant baculovirus rBV-LMI-F and with GM-CSF and IL-2 to immunized chickens. Then, we compared the concentration of the neutralizing antibody and cytokines to determine the immunostimulatory effects of GM-CSF and IL-2. GM-CSF induced higher levels of antibodies and cytokines in chickens at 28 d and 42 d post-vaccination. In conclusion, GM-CSF could elicit higher serum antibody and cytokines responses and improved the effects of Baculovirus vaccine.

Evaluation of the effect of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine and the prevention of low and no responders / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To evaluate the immunological effect of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine and to prevent the immunization effect of low and no responders. Methods A total of 1,200 infants were selected from Yantai City, Shandong Province. All the infants were immunized for the first time after birth, and were inoculated with brewer's yeast hepatitis B vaccine 5μg. The venous blood of the infant was taken to separate the serum and the geometric mean concentration of anti-HBs in serum by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Of which 128 cases were low, no response were immunized again: 71 cases were treated with brewer's yeast hepatitis B vaccine 5μg and 57 cases were inoculated with 10%Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine again and again, three times. The results of the re-immune were evaluated . Results There were 80 cases (62.5%) wtith normal response, 23 cases (17.9%) with high response, 22 cases (17.2%) with low response, 3 cases (2.3%) with no response The immunization response rate of HBsAg positive in fathers and mothers was significantly lower than that in county, city and above, and the fathers' mother HBsAg was negative. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody transfection between the first and the third of the above two yeasts, but the geometric mean concentration of anti-HBs was significantly lower for both vaccines, and the brewer's yeast vaccine was significantly lower. Conclusion The immune response rate of hepatitis B vaccine in children with HBsAg-negative mothers at the county, municipal and above hospitals is relatively high. Compared with the brewer's yeast vaccine, the effect of the hepatitis B vaccine is obviously better .

The immune effects of hepatitis B on children boosted with hepatitis A and B combined vaccine / 预防医学

Objective To observe the concentration of the anti-HBs of children boosted with hepatitis A and B combined vaccine for 3 dosages, and to provide the basis for the implementation of hepatitis B booster immunization. Methods In September 2009 in Yuhuan by employing the cluster sampling method, 123 children, ranging from 6 to 9 years old, who had completed the basic immunization by 0-1-6 procedure without hepatitis B vaccine boosted and without anti-HBs were selected. In the year of 2011 (after 1 year of inoculation) and 2015 (5 years after inoculation), the venous blood samples were collected to determine the concentration of anti-HBs. Results Boosted with hepatitis A and B combined vaccine for 3 times, the anti-HBs of 102 subjects was tested in the next year, of which the anti-HBs of 82 subjects was detected again in the later 5 years. The results suggested that the positive rates of antibody enhanced were 92.16% after 1 year and 78.05% after 5 years, respectively. The average concentration of anti-HBs of these 82 subjects was 2.95 mIU/mL before inoculation, 141.76 mIU/mL one year later and 72.13 mIU/mL 5 years later and there was statistically significant difference among them (P <0.05) . The difference was not statistically significant between subjects with different years of birth (P>0.05) . Moreover, the interaction was existed between the year of blood detection and year of birth (P <0.05) . Conclusion To children aged 6-9 years old whose anti-HBs were negative after the primary immunization of hepatitis B, booster immunization with 3 dosages of hepatitis A and B combined vaccine shows good immune effect against hepatitis B virus.

An evaluation on immunization effect and the influencing factors after revaccination with 60 μg hepatitis B vaccine among non-response adults / 预防医学

Objective To explore vaccine immune effects of 60μg hepatitis B on adults who have no response to hepatitis B vaccination.Methods A Total of 689 healthy adults who were HBsAg and anti -HBs negative were selected,and they were received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 10 μg.Those with anti-HBs<10 IU/L detected after full series vaccination were given 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg.One month later,anti-HBs detection was conducted for them.Results The non -responsiveness rate was 17.71% after primary hepatitis B vaccination.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for primary non-responsiveness were the history of surgical operation, immunization schedule and "anti-HBc alone".The anti-HBs positive rate was 95.5 1% in 89 re-vaccinated people, and the geometric mean titers of anti -HBs(GMT)was 585.39 IU/L.Conclusion Re -immunization of hepatitis B vaccine at dosage 60 μg has good immunogenicity in people who have no response to primary vaccination,and weight control may improve the effect of hepatitis B re-immunization.

Enhancement of epitope vaccines from W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii potency using two kinds of immunomodulating agents in mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Pidotimod and Thalidomid to enhance the immune response and protective immunity induced by the epitope Vaccines From W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.Methods:Mice were immunized intramuscularly with Pidotimod and pcDNA3-W2b2a,thalidomide and pcDNA3-W2b2a,respectively,then the immune response and the survival time of mouse attacked by Toxoplasma gondii were observed.Results:After the immunization,the level of IFN-γin sera of mice inculated with pcDNA3-W2b2a and Pidotimod,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Freund adjuvant,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Thalidomid were significantly higher than pcDNA3-W2b2a (all P<0.05).After the immunization,IgG,CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio ,proliferation of T cell induced by pcDNA3-W2b2a and Pidotimod,pcDNA3-W2b2a and Freund adjuvant were higher than pcDNA3-W2b2a,pcDNA3-W2b2a and thalidomid ( all P<0.05).After challenged with highly virulent tachyzoites,the mean survival time in immunized groups were significantly longer than control group (all P<0.05).Conclusion:Pidotimod ,Thalidomid adjuvant can increase protective immunity of epitope Vaccines From W2b2a of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.

An observation on the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine by different immunization schedules among adults / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine by different immunization schedules among adults,and to provide evidence for developing immunization strategy.Methods Adults aged 1 6 to 49 years with negative HBsAg and anti -HBs in Tongxiang city voluntarily received domestic or imported hepatitis B vaccine.These subjects were divided into 4 groups (Group A:1 0 μg domestic vaccine,0 -1 -3 schedule;group B:1 0 μg domestic vaccine,0 -1 -6 schedule;group C:1 0 μg imported vaccine,0 -1 -3 schedule;group D:1 0 μg imported vaccine,0 -1 -6 schedule). Quantitative detection of anti -HBs was conducted in 1 month and 1 year,and the anti -HBs positive rate and geometric mean titers of anti -HBs (GMT)were evaluated.Results A total of 848 subjects were evaluated.The anti -HBs positive rate was 99.76% after immunization in 1 month,and no significant differences were observed among different groups (P >0.05).The GMT of anti -HBs in group A was significantly lower than that of group C and B (P <0.05),while no significant differences were observed among group B and D.The GMT of anti -HBs was significantly decreased with ages. The anti -HBs positive rate was 70.28% after immunization in 1 year,which was significantly lower than that in 1 month after immunization.Conclusion Better immune effect could be achieved by 1 0 μg domestic hepatitis B vaccine with 0 -1-3 schedule.

Immune effect and persistence of hepatitis B vaccine in adults by different vaccination programs / 上海预防医学

Objective] To evaluate the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine by different inocula-ting programs for adults as 0-1-3 month, 0-1-6 month and 0-1-12 month and to provide evidence for the development of adult immunization strategy. [ Methods] In Tongxiang City of Zhejiang Province, 10μg of hepatitis B vaccine was voluntarily inoculated by different immunization programs as 0 -1 -3 month, 0-1-6 month or 0 -1 -12 month among adults aged 16 to 49 years.Quantitative detection of anti-HBs was conducted after 1 month and 1 year of immunization, and the positive seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers of anti-HBs ( GMT) were evaluated. [ Results] Totally 682 subjects were evaluated.The anti-HBs positive rates were 99.85% after 1 month of immunization, and 70.23% after 1 year of immunization.It was observed that GMT of anti-HBs was higher with adults of younger age. [ Conclusion] Adults can achieve better immune effect by inoculation of 10μg of hepatitis B vaccine and when it is done in target population according to 0-1-6 month program,compliance is better and immune effect proves more persistent.It is suggested that hepatitis B vaccine should be inoculated for the adults as early as possible to ensure the effect and persistence of the vaccine.

Efficacy and safety evaluation on 10 μg Hansenula recombinant hepatitis B vaccine booster for school-age children / 上海预防医学

Objective] To assess the safety and immunogenicity of booster vaccination 10 μg of recombinant Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine in school-age children , and to provide scientific basis for the development of hepatitis B immunization strategies . [ Methods] A total of 2 101 children were selected as the safety study object and were inoculated with three injections of 10 μg Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine for observation of the incidence of abnormal reaction .Among them 404 schoolchildren were observed for immune effects.And comparison was made in the difference of antibody titers and antibody positive rate before and after immunization . [ Results] Of the 2 101 children, 85 cases of adverse reactions occurred and the incidence rate was 4.05%.Of the 85 cases, 84 had slight reactions , one with moderate reactions and none with severe reactions .After vaccination , the positive rate of protective antibodies increased to 100.00%, and antibody titers rose from 2.55 IU/L to 5 051.90 IU/L, the difference being statistically significant (Z =12.51, P =0.00). [Conclusion] Hansenula hepatitis B vaccine used for booster immunization in schoolchildren is of good security and fine immune effect .

Influence of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection on hepatitis B vaccine's immune effect / 临床儿科杂志

Objectives To investigate the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine under the influence of congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Methods The newborn rat model of congenital HCMV infection was developed by intra-peritoneally inoculating pregnant rat with HCMV suspension,while the offsprings of healthy rats were used as the control group. Offspring rats in all groups were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine in the postnatal 1st, 3rd and 5th week and were taken blood from hearts separately in 3rd, 5th, 7th and 11th week. Antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) titer in all groups was de-tected by ELISA method. Results The serum HBsAb titer in both groups all showed a trend of increasing gradually with added vaccinating times and decreased differently with time extending after completed vaccinations. Differences among changes of HBsAb titer along with prolonged time in each group were all statistically significant (P<0.001). At all time points (3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th week), the titer of serum HBsAb in congenital HCMV infection group was lower than that in the control group respectively, and there were statistically significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusions Congenital HCMV infection could weaken the im-mune effect of hepatitis B vaccine.

An observation on effect of different dosage booster immunization of hepatitis Bvaccine / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effect on the booster immunization of different dosage of hepatitis B vaccine among children and to provide suggestions for booster immunization.Methods Children aged 5 -1 4 years old were randomly selected who had received the primary immunization of hepatitis B vaccine under 1 year old but had not received the booster immunization in Yuhuan county.A total of 547 children received 5 μg hepatitis A and B combined vaccine boost immunization and 688 children received 1 0 μg hepatitis B vaccine boost immunization in 2009.The anti -HBs levels before and after the boost immunization were detected.Results The anti -HBs positive rates of children received 5 μg and 1 0 μg vaccine boost immunization were 97.81 % and 96.08% respectively and the positive rates in the antibody negative children were 94.78% and 93.62% respectively.While the Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) of anti -HBs were 1 433.1 8 mIU /mL and 21 1 1 .43 mIU /mL respectively,which were both significantly higher than those before the boost immunization (P <0.001 ).The increase of GMT of children received 1 0 μg hepatitis B vaccine was significantly higher than that of children received 5 μg hepatitis A and B combined vaccine (P <0.05).Conclusion Both dosages of hepatitis B vaccine booster immunization are effective for children aged 5 -1 4 years old and 1 0 μg hepatitis B vaccine boost immunization has the better effect.

The evaluation of immune effects on bivalent rotavirus vaccine / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To evaluate the immune effects of bivalent inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) and investigate the viability of development of bivalent IRV.Methods Firstly,bivalent IRV was prepared by mixing G1 IRV and G3 IRV with equal amount,G1 IRV and G3 IRV as monovalent control,PBS as negative control.Secondly,those vaccines were vaccinated to the mice by intramuscular injection.Then,to evaluate the immune effects of bivalent IRV,the levels of serum or fecal rotavirus specific IgG and IgA were assessed by ELISA,the levels of serum neutralized antibody were measured by microneutralization assay,the number of IFN-γ or IL-4 secreting cells were analyzed by ELISPOT assay.Results Compared to negative control group,bivalent IRV induced the higher levels of serum and fecal G1 and G3 rotavirus specific antibody.It was found that there were no significant differences for the levels of serum IgG and IgA,fecal IgG and IgA,serum neutralized antibody between induced by bivalent IRV and induced by G1 type monovalent vaccines ; but there were significantly increase for the levels of serum IgG (t =2.691,P＜0.05) and serum neutralized antibody (t =2.561,P＜0.05) between induced by bivalent IRV and induced by G3 monovalent vaccines,there were no significant differences for other antibodies between induced by bivalent IRV and induced by G3 monovalent vaccines.At the same time,compared to negative control group,bivalent IRV induced significantly increase in the number of IFN-γ or IL-4 secreting cells in spleen lymphocytes.It was found that there were no significant differences for the number of IFN-γ or IL-4 secreting cells stimulated by G1 rotavirus between bivalent IRV and G1 monovalent vaccines; but there were significantly increase for the number of IL-4 secreting cells (t =2.327,P＜0.05) stimulated by G3 rotavirus between bivalent IRV and G3 monovalent vaccines,there were no significant differences for the number of IFN-γ secreting cells stimulated by G3 rotavirus between bivalent IRV and G3 type monovalent vaccines.Conclusion The bivalent IRV can induce effective immune response,in which there were no inhibitory interference between the components of bivalent IRV,which provided the experimental basis for the development of bivalent IRV.

Stable Expression of Hantavirus H8205 Strain G1/IL-2 Gene and Immune Protection of the Fusion Gene / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To explore the feasibility of stable expression of Hantavirus H8205 strain G1 segment and human IL-2 fusion gene in Vero cells, and to examine the immune protection effects on mice vaccinated with this recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing Hantavirus G1 gene and IL-2 gene. With the help of lipofectamine, the Vero cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1/HisB-IL-2-G1 and the positive cells were selected by G418. IFAT and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were used to determine the stable transfection and expression of recombinant protein.Each mouse was inoculated with plasmids intramuscularly (i.m.) three times, 2 boosts were given at 2-week intervals, serum anti-hantavirus antibodies were detected by ELISA and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detected by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. The fusion protein expressed in Vero cells was 78 kD, corresponding to the estimated molecular size. The neutralizing antibody titers of mice with pcDNA3.1/HisB-IL-2-G1 were 1:20-1:80. IL-2/G1 fusion gene could be transferred in Vero cells and stably express the fusion protein. Specific humeral immune responses in mice can be induced with the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing the fusion gene, which lays the foundation for further development of therapeutic HTNV vaccine.